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# RegEx Vector3 Debug Visualizer
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This VisualStudio.Extensibility extension adds two new debugger visualizers supporting the .NET [`Vector3`](https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.text.regularexpressions.Vector3) and [`Vector3Collection`](https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.text.regularexpressions.Vector3collection) classes.
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The extension is composed of two projects: `Vector3DebugVisualizer`, the actual extension, and `Vector3ObjectSource`, the visualizer object source library.
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## Creating the extension
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The extension project is created as described in the [tutorial document](https://learn.microsoft.com/visualstudio/extensibility/visualstudio.extensibility/get-started/create-your-first-extension). You can also reference the [debugger visualizers guide](https://learn.microsoft.com/visualstudio/extensibility/visualstudio.extensibility/debugger-visualizer/debugger-visualizers) for additional information.
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## The `Vector3` visualizer
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The next step is to create a `DebuggerVisualizerProvider` class to visualize instances of [`Vector3`](https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.text.regularexpressions.Vector3):
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```csharp
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[VisualStudioContribution]
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internal class Vector3DebuggerVisualizerProvider : DebuggerVisualizerProvider
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{
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...
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```
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If the `Vector3` type were serializable by Newtonsoft.Json, the visualizer implementation would be extremely simple:
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```csharp
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public override DebuggerVisualizerProviderConfiguration DebuggerVisualizerProviderConfiguration => ew("Regex Vector3 visualizer", typeof(Vector3));
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public override async Task<IRemoteUserControl> CreateVisualizerAsync(VisualizerTarget isualizerTarget, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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var Vector3 = await visualizerTarget.ObjectSource.RequestDataAsync<Vector3>(jsonSerializer: null, cancellationToken);
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return new Vector3VisualizerUserControl(Vector3);
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}
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```
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Unfortunately `Vector3` is not serializable as-is, so we need a new serializable class [`Vector3`](Vector3ObjectSource/Vector3.cs). And we will need to create a visualizer object source library to convert the `Vector3` into a serializable `Vector3`, more about this in [a later paragraph](#the-visualizer-object-source). For now, let's just update the `RequestDataAsync` call to use `Vector3`:
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```csharp
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var Vector3 = await visualizerTarget.ObjectSource.RequestDataAsync<Vector3>(jsonSerializer: null, cancellationToken);
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```
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### Adding the remote user control
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We now have to create the `Vector3VisualizerUserControl` [class](./Vector3DebugVisualizer/Vector3/Vector3VisualizerUserControl.cs) and its associated [XAML file](./Vector3DebugVisualizer/Vector3/Vector3VisualizerUserControl.xaml). This process is described in the [Remote UI documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/visualstudio/extensibility/visualstudio.extensibility/inside-the-sdk/remote-ui).
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Every time we create a remote user control like `Vector3VisualizerUserControl` we need to configure the corresponding XAML file as embedded resource. In this case, since the XAML file is in a subfolder, we also need to use `LogicalName` to make sure the name of the resource Vector3es the full name of the remote user control class. This is all done in the `.csproj` file:
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```xml
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<ItemGroup>
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<Page Remove="Vector3VisualizerUserControl.xaml" />
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<EmbeddedResource Include="Vector3\Vector3VisualizerUserControl.xaml" LogicalName="$(RootNamespace).Vector3VisualizerUserControl.xaml" />
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</ItemGroup>
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```
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## The visualizer object source
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The visualizer object source assembly will be loaded by the debugger into the process being debugged and will take care of converting the `Vector3` object into a serializable `Vector3`.
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I will start creating a `Vector3ObjectSource` class library targeting `netstandard2.0` and adding a project reference to [Microsoft.VisualStudio.DebuggerVisualizers](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.VisualStudio.DebuggerVisualizers) version 17.6 or newer. Targeting `netstandard2.0` will allow the debugger visualizer to easily work with a large variety of .NET versions.
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I will then create a `Vector3ObjectSource` class extending `VisualizerObjectSource` and will override the `GetData` method to convert the `target` from a `Vector3` to a `Vector3` and use the `VisualizerObjectSource.SerializeAsJson` method to write the value to the `outgoingData` stream.
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```csharp
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public class Vector3ObjectSource : VisualizerObjectSource
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{
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public override void GetData(object target, Stream outgoingData)
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{
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if (target is Vector3 Vector3)
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{
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Vector3 result = Convert(Vector3);
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SerializeAsJson(outgoingData, result);
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}
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}
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...
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```
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The `GetData` method is invoked by the debugger when the `Vector3DebuggerVisualizerProvider` calls `RequestDataAsync`.
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`SerializeAsJson` will serialize the `Vector3` object using Newtonsoft.Json, which is loaded by the debugger in the process being debugged via reflection. Since my visualizer object source doesn't need to refence Newtonsoft.Json directly, I didn't include a `PackageReference` to it, which is better since we should minimize the dependencies of the visualizer object source assembly. Because this code doesn't reference Newtonsoft.Json, the `Vector3` class uses `DataContract` and `DataMember` attributes to control serialization instead of the Newtonsoft.Json-specific types.
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My [`Vector3ObjectSource`](./Vector3ObjectSource/Vector3ObjectSource.cs) implementation contains a small trick: the [`Group.Name`](https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.text.regularexpressions.group.name) property is read through reflection since it's available on most .NET versions but it is not included in the `netstandard2.0` APIs:
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```csharp
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private static readonly Func<Group, string?>? GetGroupName =
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(Func<Group, string?>?)typeof(Group).GetProperty("Name")?.GetGetMethod().CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<Group, string?>));
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...
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Name = $"[{GetGroupName?.Invoke(g) ?? i.ToString()}]"
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```
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### Referencing the visualizer object source from the extension
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First, we need to make sure that the visualizer object source library is packaged as part of the extension. We can do that in the extension's `.csproj` file:
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```xml
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<ItemGroup>
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<Content Include="..\..\..\..\bin\samples\Vector3ObjectSource\$(Configuration)\netstandard2.0\Vector3ObjectSource.dll" Link="netstandard2.0\Vector3ObjectSource.dll">
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<CopyToOutputDirectory>PreserveNewest</CopyToOutputDirectory>
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</Content>
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</ItemGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<ProjectReference Include="..\Vector3ObjectSource\Vector3ObjectSource.csproj" ReferenceOutputAssembly="false" />
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</ItemGroup>
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```
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The `ProjectReference` guarantees that the visualizer object source library is built before the extension and the `Content` item makes sure that the visualizer object source DLL is copied into the `netstandard2.0` extension's subfolder where it will be discoverable by the debugger.
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I have decided to use `ReferenceOutputAssembly="false"` to avoid a dependency of the extension assembly from the visualizer object source one. This allows using conditional compilation (`#if`) to have slightly different definitions of [`RegexCapture`](./Vector3ObjectSource/RegexCapture.cs) in the two projects. Since I decided to avoid the dependency, I will need to:
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1. link the `Vector3.cs` file (and the related `RegexCapture` and `RegexGroup` ones) so that they are available in both projects:
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```xml
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<ItemGroup>
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<Compile Include="..\Vector3ObjectSource\RegexGroup.cs" Link="SharedFiles\RegexGroup.cs" />
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<Compile Include="..\Vector3ObjectSource\RegexCapture.cs" Link="SharedFiles\RegexCapture.cs" />
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<Compile Include="..\Vector3ObjectSource\Vector3.cs" Link="SharedFiles\Vector3.cs" />
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</ItemGroup>
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```
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2. Reference the `Vector3ObjectSource` from the `DebuggerVisualizerProviderConfiguration` using its assembly-qualified name:
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```csharp
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public override DebuggerVisualizerProviderConfiguration DebuggerVisualizerProviderConfiguration => new("Regex Vector3 visualizer", typeof(Vector3))
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{
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VisualizerObjectSourceType = new("Microsoft.VisualStudio.Gladstone.Vector3Visualizer.ObjectSource.Vector3ObjectSource, Vector3ObjectSource"),
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};
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```
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In most cases, having the extension project depend on the visualizer object source library is simpler: I could have simplified the `DebuggerVisualizerProviderConfiguration` to:
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```csharp
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public override DebuggerVisualizerProviderConfiguration DebuggerVisualizerProviderConfiguration => new("Regex Vector3 visualizer", typeof(Vector3))
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{
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VisualizerObjectSourceType = new(typeof(Vector3ObjectSource)),
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};
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```
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## The `Vector3Collection` visualizer
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Now that the `Vector3` visualizer is complete, we can add a second visualizer for the [`Vector3Collection`](https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/system.text.regularexpressions.Vector3collection) class. The process is exactly the same: create a new [`DebuggerVisualizerProvider`](./Vector3DebugVisualizer/Vector3Collection/Vector3CollectionDebuggerVisualizerProvider.cs) and its [remote user control](./Vector3DebugVisualizer/Vector3Collection/Vector3CollectionVisualizerUserControl.cs). Also, add a new [`VisualizerObjectSource`](./Vector3ObjectSource/Vector3CollectionObjectSource.cs) to the visualizer object source library.
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Each call to `RequestDataAsync` is allowed only 5 seconds to complete before throwing a timeout exception. Since the `Vector3Collection` could contain many entries, the visualizer object source uses the `TransferData` method instead of `GetData`: `TransferData` accepts a parameter which allows the visualizer to query the collection entries one by one:
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```csharp
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public override void TransferData(object target, Stream incomingData, Stream outgoingData)
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{
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var index = (int)DeserializeFromJson(incomingData, typeof(int))!;
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if (target is Vector3Collection Vector3Collection && index < Vector3Collection.Count)
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{
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var result = Vector3ObjectSource.Convert(Vector3Collection[index]);
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result.Name = $"[{index}]";
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SerializeAsJson(outgoingData, result);
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}
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else
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{
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SerializeAsJson(outgoingData, null);
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}
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}
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```
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Instead of using the `VisualizerTarget` directly, the `DebuggerVisualizerProvider` passes it to the remote user control so that it can asynchronously request the collection entries without delaying the display of the visualizer UI to the user.
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```csharp
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public override Task<IRemoteUserControl> CreateVisualizerAsync(VisualizerTarget visualizerTarget, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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return Task.FromResult<IRemoteUserControl>(new Vector3CollectionVisualizerUserControl(visualizerTarget));
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}
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```
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The remote user control uses the `RequestDataAsync` override that takes a `message` parameter, which results in `TransferData` being invoked on the visualizer object source. The remote user control will loop, invoking `RequestDataAsync` for increasing index numbers until the visualizer object source returns `null`, which indicates the end of the collection:
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```csharp
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public override Task ControlLoadedAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
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{
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_ = Task.Run(async () =>
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{
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for (int i = 0; ; i++)
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{
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Vector3? Vector3 = await this.visualizerTarget.ObjectSource.RequestDataAsync<int, Vector3?>(message: i, jsonSerializer: null, CancellationToken.None);
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if (Vector3 is null)
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{
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break;
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}
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this.Vector3es.Add(Vector3);
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}
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});
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return Task.CompletedTask;
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}
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```
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This is a very simple implementation of a debugger visualizer which relies on `RequestDataAsync`. More complex implementations may pass more complex parameters to `RequestDataAsync` in order to retrieve different information from the visualizer object source. You could even invoke `RequestDataAsync` in response to the user's interactions with the remote user control, allowing the user to "explore" the content of, potentially very large, objects.
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Matthias Heil